Analysis Of Minority Effect - 1355 Words

The short film, â€Å"Minority Effect†, explores what it would mean if able-bodiedness was not the norm, but instead if communities were populated with wheelchair users. Compared to popular media, this film used a non-disabled body to contrast to disabled bodies. Usually, disability is mobilized as a plot point to highlight the qualities of able-bodied people. They are never the protagonist and used as a means to reach a lesson. But what is the effect of minoritizing a majority group? Does it achieve awareness or does it just perpetuate the discrimination and oppression of marginalized groups? In â€Å"Minority Effect†, the reversal of roles is problematic in that it is counterproductive in that it still subscribes to common misrepresented†¦show more content†¦Neoliberalism calls for a pulling oneself up by the â€Å"bootstraps†, which places everyone on the same playing field and expects them to perform the same just by being â€Å"inclusive†. Th is reversal of roles also suggest that disabled people aspire to be able-bodied. By depicting an able-bodied person as seeking acceptance from the wheelchair-using majority, it proposes that in the real world, disabled people are seeking acceptance from able-bodied people. But while the man in the film could sit down on a trashcan in order to feel included, someone confined to a wheelchair cannot stand in order to feel accepted by their able-bodied peers. The last scene of the film is the most key. The man walks into a room for a community meeting, for which the flyer reads â€Å"open to all in the community†, and he seem apprehensive. He seems to perhaps be worried that he might not be accepted into the space and might be rejected as part of the community due to his able-bodiedness. As he walks through the door (an interesting detail since he has to physically open the door, which would not actually be accessible to the majority of wheelchair users), the camera angle is at h is eye level, looking down at the rest of the community as they turn around to stare at him. Throughout the scene, the camera angles switch between his eye-level to the eye-level of those in wheelchairs, which switches who the focus is on in thatShow MoreRelatedThe Reason Why Minorities Are Often Suspected First Of Doing Violent Crime1525 Words   |  7 Pages The following paper will try to discover the reason why minorities are often suspected first of doing violent crime, instead of their counterparts. A general reason why trying to understand this phenomenon is important is for the consequences it brings. When an individual, in this case minorities, are suspected of doing violent crime, they are more often targeted more than usual. This leads to mostly minorities being in prison, and in most states, they are not allowed to vote. This is crucial forRead MoreStereotyping And Prejudice Of Blacks Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pageshegemony in the presence†¦ of large numbers of minorities† (Blalock, 1967; Mancini, Mears, Stewart, Beaver, and Pickett, 2015). The impact of stereotyping and prejudice of Blacks being perceived as threat has caused many Whites to acquire defensive and demining reactions towards Blacks. The media and society has a tendency to shy away from or almost ignore the crime of Whites and instead shift to highlight the crime of Blacks and minorities. Entman (1992) discovered during a six-month periodRead MoreThe Issue Of Medical School Tuition972 Words   |  4 Pagesracial/ethnic backgrounds. They hypothesized that certain races had less economical resources, which would justify the differences in student’s debt. 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While police brutality is not limited to minoriti es, the rate that it used against African AmericanRead MoreCollege Students Exposure to Mental Illness743 Words   |  3 Pagesincrease of aggression, frustration, and other emotional instabilities; these results that which lead to exposure to depression and mental illness. The amount of stress and lack of sleep are studied amongst college students, preferable minority college students. Minority students were chosen due to the often stereotypical beliefs that African American and Hispanics are more susceptible to depression and the mental illness bipolar disorder. The behaviors of students who believe they take on a high orRead MoreIs Philadelphia Environmentally Just?1615 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry have often been unevenly distributed amongst social groups: Otherwise known as environmental inequality. Current theories on environmental inequality have commonly concluded that the phenomenon has two major factors, race and class. The effects of environmental inequality vary acros s time place and population. Based on my research, mapping, and statistics I was unable to attribute this issue to a dominant factor. Like many cities Philadelphia has had industrial facilities throughout itsRead MoreThe United States Of America Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States of America The other aspect concerning minority parties in majoritarian elections is how these electoral systems tend towards two parties. Essentially this eliminates any possibilities for minority parties to have an influence as they simply won’t exist. The current status quo of American politics is typical in this respect. The nature of majoritarian elections to tend towards two parties is known as Duverger s law named after French sociologist Maurice Duverger. To understand

Essay about Divorce in American Society - 1338 Words

Divorce in American Society Whatever happened to the picture that perfect traditional families portrayed? Television has had such an influence over us when we begin wishing we had families like the ones we see on Little House on the Prairie and The Brady Bunch. Families who work together, support one another, and seem to have all of lifes problems figured out. The media is catching up to society and showing more single-family sitcoms with down to earth family relationships such as Blossom, Sinbad and Married with Children. These types of families show the nuclear family of today. They experience day to day worries and concerns with the reality that everything is not always so perfect in the real world. There have been†¦show more content†¦Their priorities are viewed more towards personal happiness and achievements. There is much more to divorce than just family matters. With the working women moving up in the business world, their dependence on financial support has been reduced. Women are more confident that they can survive alone without the support of a man; so as it tu rns out, they find it easier to turn to divorce. Do we really have an understanding on what the phenomenon of divorce is? Divorce is often considered to be a problem between two adults, and nothing more than that. Since the children have an attachment to both the parents, it is not surprising to know that here is a higher percentage in which the mother gets custody of the children -the increase has been of three million. The most recent increase in divorce has been among younger couples, but the ones that leave the greater impact are divorces which are tearing the family apart. The number of children affected by such divorces have just tripled and is increasing by the year. Why is divorce giving the children the hardest hit? Children are taught, whether at home or on the playgrounds of our schools, that a household consists of a mommy, daddy, baby, and maybe even a pet. There is much hostility felt by the children when a divorce occurs; poverty and stress are also other problems. Not all families are well-off to make it alone. This makes it difficult for a child while growing up. When there is aShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Reality of Divorce in American Society1263 Words   |  6 PagesThe Reality of Divorce in American Society As with most life transitions, divorce can be liberating, depressing, frustrating, or traumatic to any person who experiences it. Perhaps the most painful part on the process of divorce is when the children get involved and when they all get trapped in the situation. These children may suffer significant losses in their lives and unless the situation can be handled in a civil manner, they will become prone to the psychological torment that could affectRead MoreWhy Is Divorce Acceptable in Society? Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 1020 23 February 2010 Why is Divorce Acceptable in Society? Divorce is something that has become more common in today’s civilization. It’s happening all over the world but mostly in the United States of America. Most marriages that have fail in the last 5 years have not succeeded have resulted in divorce. In earlier periods in life divorce was considered shocking and terrible, whereas in today’s world it’s accepted. Divorce has become acceptable in society for numerous reasons and will continueRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Divorce in American Culture1719 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of divorce on the American culture are immense. Social scientists have been studying these effects for many years now. The studies are continuing to confirm that the climbing rate of divorce in the American culture is hurting the society and also frequently devastating the lives of many American children. More often than not people decide to get a divorce before they really think about the effects of divorce. People usually decide to get a divorce based on emotion rather than logic whichRead MoreAmerican Society on the CHange during the Post- World War Years877 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Society on the Change during the Post-World War Years After World War II, Americans experienced a time of rapid social change. American soldiers were discharged and returned home from the battlefields, hoping to find work and to get on with their lives. Marriage rate increased dramatically after the war. North American population experienced what is known as the â€Å"Baby boom† – an 18-year period of rapid population growth from 1946 to 1964. During this period, many children were born thanRead MoreEssay about How Divorce is Affecting the American Culture1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe effects of divorce on the American culture are immense. Social scientists have been studying these effects for many years now. The studies are continuing to confirm that the climbing rate of divorce in the American culture is hurting the society and also frequently devastating the lives of many American children. There are many areas in which divorce has a negative effect in the life of a child or an adult. Many of these effects also dir ectly correlate to the effect on a society. However, thereRead MoreAmerican Culture : The People s Way Of Life Essay1747 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Culture When American culture is taken into context, comparatively it appears to be an all-inclusive and liberal culture with respect to cultures in other parts of the world. However, American culture has had its fair share of struggles with ethics and morality. Evidence suggests that the American culture somewhat favors the members who are well placed within it and ignores those, the lower class. The problem of segregating people in according to their status looks like a global phenomenonRead MoreHow Divorce Has Shaped The Culture And Affected The Future Of Our Children964 Words   |  4 PagesChamberlain School of Nursingâ€Æ' Divorce How divorce has shaped the culture and affected the future of our children. Divorce has become more acceptable and common in our culture. A divorce not only involves the parents, children are included too. The family structure varies across America and couples divorce for different reasons such as abuse in the home, infidelity, addiction issues, religion, and the list can continue. When a couple decides to use divorce to solve any marital conflicts thereRead MoreHow the Western Concept of Marriage has Changed Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagesphysical health† (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). For children, growing up in happy homes help with their mental, physical, educational, and social well-being. Unfortunately, about 50 percent of married couples in the United States divorce. The rate is even higher for subsequent marriages (â€Å"Marriage and Divorce,† 2014). The social institution influence (structural) differs from the individual influence (life choice s) in divorce by the scope of perception on why divorce occurs (Amato, Previti, (2003)Read MoreWhat s Happening Of Marriage?884 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage is a very common thing in today’s society, but along with the popularity of marriage comes divorces that end marriages. With divorce becoming more common, men may second guess popping the question or women might think twice about saying yes. With divorce making an appearance more often in marriage it is a given that today’s marriages have changed, and there is all time high divorce rate to prove it. In the article â€Å"What’s Happening to Marriage?† by The National Marriage Project, providesRead MoreEssay on The Divorce Rate and Women in the Workplace1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Divorce Rate and Women in the Workplace Marriage Most ancient societies needed a source environment for the upholding of the species and a system of rules to handle the granting of property rights. The institution of marriage handled both of these needs. Some varieties of marriage are Polygamy- one man, several wives or one woman, several husbands. Polygyny- one man, several wives. Polyandry- one woman, several husbands. Endogamy- requirement to marry someone who belongs to his or her

Information Technology and the Other Degree Progra Essay Example For Students

Information Technology and the Other Degree Progra Essay ms Information Technology and the Other Degree Progra Essayms Introduction This paper is primarily about the Information Technology Department and how the Information Systems, the Computer Science Departments, and Computer Engineering courses relate to Information Technology. Each of these specialties has their similarities and differences to the Information Technology department. Georgia Southern University has a strong College of Information Technology, which offers three disciplines, which are the Computer Science Department, the Information Systems Department, and the Information Technology Department. Information Technology, according to the Information Technology handout in class, can best be defined by The typically electronic tools and techniques for gathering, storing, manipulating, and analyzing, and communicating information (Information Technology handout from Web CT pg 2). Information Technology technicians sometimes overlap with Computer Engineering, Information Systems, and Computer Science departments. Students wishing to major in Information Technology must take a second discipline. This builds knowledge in other areas as they pertain to Information Technology. There is an internship that students must take, but receive no credit. There are fewer maths, and less programming, and there are no business classes in this area of specialization unless the second discipline is a business course. The Information Technology curriculum overlaps Computer Science, and Information Systems curriculum. Information Technology majors graduate with a Bachelors of Science degree. Computer Engineering is the designing and building of the hardware for the actual computer. Georgia Southern University has no specific degree for a Computer Engineer. They have several engineering programs in the School of Technology that students can get an engineering degree and go on to become a Computer Engineer. Computer Engineers take more math than Information Technology majors. The Information Technology majors must take a second discipline, while Computer Engineers majors do not have to take a second discipline. Computer Engineering majors graduate with a Bachelor of Arts degree. Information Systems primarily deals with business, and uses technology to enhance business and creates solutions for business. Increasingly there is a stronger bond between technology and business. The Information Systems technician understands that bond, and is able to translate for technology and business. Information Systems majors do not take any Information Technology classes. Information Systems has many more business classes than the Information Technology curriculum, which basically has no business classes. Information Systems graduate with a Bachelors of Business Administration, instead of a Bachelors of Science degree. Computer Science is primarily about programming. The Computer Science department takes many more programming classes, and puts strong emphasis on Java, which is a high level machine language. The programmer is the one that writes the programs, which the Computer Engineer, the Information Systems technician, and the Information Technology technician use to communicate with the computers. Computer Science majors must take more math and science classes; they do not take any Information Technology classes. They also graduate with a Bachelors of Science degree. Another interesting fact that is common to Information Technology, Information Systems, and Computer Science is the graduates share the same job titles, and use the same structure to set up new projects, and proposals. The graduates all have to know how to use computers and have good people skills. They should be resourceful, responsible individuals who will complete the job on time and on budget. .

Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? Essay Romeo and Juliets death could be seen as a consequence of many peoples actions, their own included. Directly and indirectly people could be blamed actions have consequences whether they are disastrous or beneficial depends on the primary action. There were many actions that can be seen to be helping but in truth arent. Romeo and Juliet is a story of how two young people fall in love at first sight, however due to a long lasting feud between their respective families, their love has to be secret. As they are not permitted to share their forbidden love they go about finding and implementing ways to see each other. Romeo and Juliets downfall results from a plan to be together that goes wrong. But many people can share some blame for their deaths. Romeo himself carries a large proportion of the blame as he is a heavy influence where Juliets actions are concerned. Romeo does things to take the lovers one step closer to their death. The first major action that Romeo takes is making an appearance at the Capulet household for a party, uninvited. This invokes two further incidents; Romeo meets for the first time and falls in love with Juliet Capulet , and Romeo is also spotted by Tybalt. Tybalt is enraged by this insult and tells his uncle Lord Capulet about Romeos presence, Uncle, this is a Montague,our foe although Romeo is spotted nothing comes of it as Lord Capulet wants to see his party guests have an evening without any drama. After the party, Romeo goes back to Capulet mansion in search of Juliets window, to which he succeeds in finding. After talking for a while Juliet wants to go and tries to arrange another meeting, however Romeo thinks he is being left so unsatisfied , but Juliet is chaste in her ways, so Romeo ask her f or Th exchange of thy loves faithful vow for mine, to which Juliet agrees and they are wed the following day. By Romeo going in search of Juliet this leads her on even more to the point of engagement, and can be seen as an irresponsible, even immature activity showing his naivety. We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Who is to blame for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet? specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Juliets naivety can be seen as the main reason she could be accountable for the deaths of the lovers. Her naivety can be broken down into several points; first of all Juliet did not have to keep her relationship with a foe however as she was naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve, she may not have been able to see past the love that she thought she and Romeo shared. By taking the potion and following Friar Lawrences plan is again an example of Juliets naivety. By following the plan to be with Romeo but without having a main input on the plan itself. Juliet admits herself that she can be of no good by saying if in thy wisdom thou canst give no help this shows that she could have no input even if she wanted to. If Juliet had told her parents they may have been understanding about the situation however she assumed that they wouldnt be and avoided telling them and they had to find out for their selves, enraging them. Lord and Lady Capulet and Montague have a large part to play in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Reasons they could be held partially if not completely responsible may include; The initial fued between the families, created a hatred to anyone linked by blood or service between the families. This tells us that even if Romeo and Juliet admitted to their parents that they had been seeing each other and told them of their desire to be wed , they may have taken a negative attitude to the situation and to the opposing family and it would have been harder for Romeo and Juliet to see each other if they were allowed at all. The Capulets put pressure on Juliet to be wed to Paris, Juliet does not like this idea at all, so is willing to try almost anything to avoid having to be wed to Paris and be with Romeo who is already her Husband, this pressure forces Romeo and Juliet to devise the plan which leads to their lives ending. The impression Romeos parents create is one that shows that they dont k now Romeo all too well this is shown when the Montagues turn to Benvolio to find where he has been going in the mornings. This is best shown towards the start of the story, lady Montague asks Benvolio O where is Romeo, saw you him today? this shows concern, however most parents prefer to know the whereabouts of their children. Tybalt continued violence into the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets, ever since the party he had an individual score with Romeo so the hatred was in effect doubled, his fiery attitude caused the fourth civil brawl between the families, he confronted Romeo who did not want to fight but to be nice, in the end this brawl causes two casualties Mercutio and Tybalt, Tybalt is killed by Romeo as he Killed Mercutio, Romeos best friend. As this was the 4th civil brawl Romeo is exiled, as before warned by Prince . This distance between Romeo and Juliet, makes them long for each other even more so, forcing their plans to become more drastic. Friar Lawrence can be seen as partially responsible too. By marrying the two families together Friar Lawrence could have turned the feud two ways, to either resolve or it may have gotten worse. Also he devised the final plan that immediately caused the deaths. The plan was simple but bad timing and miss communication brought about the tragedy. Romeo kills himself slightly before Juliet Awakes, once Juliet arises and realises Romeo is dead, she too wants to die, this is evident as Juliet says, And left no friendly drop, to help me after. Many peoples actions can be seen to be a main cause or reason behind Romeo and Juliets deaths. Proportions of blame can be labelled to certain people or all can share an equal amount of blame.

Air Strike Essays - Uranium, Gulf War, Kuwait, Depleted Uranium

Air Strike Essays - Uranium, Gulf War, Kuwait, Depleted Uranium Air Strike History: American: air strike March 04, 1998 IRAQ AND THE UNITED STATES In the past seven years there has been a great deal of tension concerning the United States and Iraq. The United States have been discussing conducting air strikes against Iraq. The 1991 Gulf War may not have been as successful as believed. The United States spent millions of American dollars to support the war effort in the 1991 Gulf War. Taxpayers money is not the only expendable thing during the 1991 Gulf War. Many United States Soldiers are now suffering from an unknown Gulf War Illness that allegedly the government knows nothing about. The United States is also seeking American support in an air strike in Iraq, but it is evident that the government is lacking this support. The United States Government needs to realize that they are killing Iraqis but the moral, economy and patriotism of the whole country. The United States is suffering from homelessness, poverty and hunger. In many cities in the world including in Iraq people can be found in famine. However, the United States is spending U.S. tax dollars in vain. Many congressmen are also unhappy in with the way the U.S. tax dollars are being spent. Senator John Warner, Republican Virginia, a senior member of the Senate Armed Services is very unhappy of the unnecessary spending of the U.S. dollar. Warner stated: Based on briefings tax payers have spent $750 million on the Gulf War effort, (USA TODAY 2/27/98). This outrage spending could be used to solve the United States economical burdens, and it would be horrible if the world's only remaining superpower uses its awesome might to slather a stricken little country where hunger is a daily menace. The U.S Patriotic Spirit is at question with the United States People. At the end of the 1991 Gulf War the country went into a great recession. Many Americans lost their jobs and homes. Americans according to a recent CNN Poll are not supporting an air strike. The poll stated: 41 percent of people favoring an armed strike, with 50 percent opposed and the rest unsure, (Charleston Gazette). After the 1991 Gulf War many war veterans have had many medical problems. One is known as Gulf War Illness. The Untied States Government hid circumstantial information from the U.S. people. A majority of the troops may have been exposed to hazardous particles of uranium from shells and wrecked Iraq vehicles. The vast majority of soldiers who had physical contact with Iraqi vehicles were on post war missions to clear the battlefield or to destroy what remained of their equipment. One soldier Victor Suell, a radio operator with the Marines had one kidney removed from the effects of the uranium. Suell stated: Nobody ever told us to stay away from the vehicles that might have been contaminated with depleted uranium, (USA TODAY 3/02/98). The U.S. Government failed to inform the soldiers of the dangers of the shelling. What else is the government failing to bring forward? Is Clinton threatening to have an air strike to cover up his alleged affair with a former White House Intern? The U.S. has been through many wars with the majority of the public support. The United States is just coming out of a recession. The United States Government needs to take care of the Gulf War Veterans and the homeless on the harsh streets in this country. WORK CITED IRAQ crisis. Charleston Gazette. www.wvgazette.com (Feb 21, 1998). Group warns of new Gulf War exposure. USA TODAY. www.usatoday.com (March 2, 1998). Iraq deployment costs top $600million. USA TODAY. www.usatoday.com (Feb 27, 1998).

Free Essays on The World In A Drop Of Water

I was drowning, water slowly filling my lungs, but I didn’t care. Light from the sun cascaded through the rippling water and danced on every underwater surface. Everything was calm and peaceful. This would be my last memory on Earth and it was a beautiful sight to see. It was as if time had frozen and I was witness to the majesty of the moment. I thought of nothing and felt nothing save the cool water gently swirling across my skin. It was absolutely gorgeous. That’s when time decided to start again, and it did it at full force. My throat closed up and my eyes burned from the chlorine. I was forcing water out of my lungs only to fill them with even more water. I was frantic and thrashing towards the surface. The light, which had been so beautiful before, was now taunting me safely above the surface, beckoning me with a voice that betrayed it’s thoughts. It knew I wouldn’t make it†¦I couldn’t make it and it was just toying with me. Then I was free, sweet air flooded every pore on my face and air filled my lungs. In my efforts to stay afloat I inhaled a small amount of water with that glorious air. It didn’t bother me because I was getting more air than water, and that air was all I needed. Inhaling the water did cause me to cough, and that was the most disastrous part of it all. When I coughed it made me inhale more water and air together. Again, this caused me to cough again and again – each t ime I breathed in more and more water until I was getting more water than air. I was going under and everything was going dark. It was only then I realized I was screaming and I forced myself to stop and save my breath. It’s amazing how far away the surface can be when you’re only six and can’t swim too well. Even when the water is only four feet deep. I was suddenly blind with the chlorine and tears. I was going to die right then and there and I was scared piss-less. I was losing energy and the will to keep swimming towa... Free Essays on The World In A Drop Of Water Free Essays on The World In A Drop Of Water I was drowning, water slowly filling my lungs, but I didn’t care. Light from the sun cascaded through the rippling water and danced on every underwater surface. Everything was calm and peaceful. This would be my last memory on Earth and it was a beautiful sight to see. It was as if time had frozen and I was witness to the majesty of the moment. I thought of nothing and felt nothing save the cool water gently swirling across my skin. It was absolutely gorgeous. That’s when time decided to start again, and it did it at full force. My throat closed up and my eyes burned from the chlorine. I was forcing water out of my lungs only to fill them with even more water. I was frantic and thrashing towards the surface. The light, which had been so beautiful before, was now taunting me safely above the surface, beckoning me with a voice that betrayed it’s thoughts. It knew I wouldn’t make it†¦I couldn’t make it and it was just toying with me. Then I was free, sweet air flooded every pore on my face and air filled my lungs. In my efforts to stay afloat I inhaled a small amount of water with that glorious air. It didn’t bother me because I was getting more air than water, and that air was all I needed. Inhaling the water did cause me to cough, and that was the most disastrous part of it all. When I coughed it made me inhale more water and air together. Again, this caused me to cough again and again – each t ime I breathed in more and more water until I was getting more water than air. I was going under and everything was going dark. It was only then I realized I was screaming and I forced myself to stop and save my breath. It’s amazing how far away the surface can be when you’re only six and can’t swim too well. Even when the water is only four feet deep. I was suddenly blind with the chlorine and tears. I was going to die right then and there and I was scared piss-less. I was losing energy and the will to keep swimming towa...

How HPV causes cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How HPV causes cancer - Essay Example Most of cancer cases that exist in the world happen because of viruses. Both DNA and RNA viruses are able to cause cancer in humans. One of the DNA viruses is Human papilloma virus (HPV)(Liao, 2006), which belongs to the family of papoviruses, non-enveloped, double stranded DNA viruses (Levinson and Jawetz, 2000) figure 1. Human papillomavirus were discovered after cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRVP). The first investigation of HPV in human cancer was conducted in 1970s, particularly in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. (Howley, 2006). HPV usually causes benign papillomas or warts in humans (Liao, 2006). These viruses can also affect humans worldwide, especially women as they are susceptible to acquiring cervical cancer (Schiffman et al., 2007). Most studies consider these viruses as a major cause of cervical cancer. Also, these studies have identified the mechanism of cervical cancer development (Schneider, 1993; Boulet et al., 2007; Schiffman et al., 2007). This ca n explain the progression of disease. Most, if not all cases of cervical cancer occur due to the persistent infection of HPV, particularly the HPV-16 (Liao, 2006). Furthermore, HPV can be divided into several types and species such as HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 39 (Zur Hausen, 1999). Specific types of HPV linked with cervical cancer are HPV16, 18, 31 and 45 (Chumworathayi et al., 2010). The genome of the virus can encode several proteins such as (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7 and E8) and two capsid proteins (L1, L2). This classification depends on the types of HPV (Su et al., 2010). Cervical cancer requires particular genes to be developed, such as E6 and E7 as Boulet and his colleagues have found (Boulet et al., 2007) and that have been encoded by HPV (Howley, 2006). Once HPV enters epithelia cells and integrates in the host DNA, the malignant transformation increases by the E6 and E7 production (Liao, 2006). These genes have effects on cell cycle progression in cervical cancer. However, HPV can also play a role in aggravating other forms of cancer in humans such as head and neck tumor and skin cancers in immunocompromised individuals (Liao, 2006). Apart from cervical cancer, HPV can also cause cancer according to HPV diversity both in humans and animals. Examples are the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRVP) infection in domestic rabbits, epidermodysplasia verruciformis patient HPV5, 8, 14, Bovin paoillomavirus type 4 (BPV4), alimentary tract cancer in cattle, and Bovin papillomavirus type 1 in horses (Howley, 2006). As several studies observe the association between HPV and cervical cancer, this essay aims at discussing cancer development caused by HPV. Transmission and infection of HPV: Human papillomavirus can be transmitted in different ways both sexually and non-sexually. However, the most common transmission happens through sexual intercourse. This causes anogenital warts of type (6 and 11 HPV) which are considered low in risk with respect to many HPV types. Other types of cervical cancer such a s HPV16, 18 are responsible for about 70 % of cervical cancer and 50 % of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 (CIN3) (Schiffman et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2007). The HPV16 and 18 are considered as high risk types of HPV. Additionally, infection of HPV is usually transmitted by direct contact such as skin to skin and mucosa to mucosa, nevertheless, the likelihood of infection for each sexual intercourse is still unknown. Furthermore, several types of HPV can be transmitted collectively according to high proportion of infected women. On the other hand, men also may be infected by different types of HPV, therefore, any sexual act can quickly result in the transmission HPV types (Schiffman et al., 2007). In case of non sexual transmission, a child can acquire the infection of HPV from the mother (Castellsague et al., 2009) especially by placenta as Rombaldi and his colleagues have observed. For example, transmission from mother to the child may occur via amniotic fluid and fetal

The Role of Green Supply Chain Management in Sustainable Development Dissertation

The Role of Green Supply Chain Management in Sustainable Development - Dissertation Example 26 3.5 GrSCM and CSR †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 27 3.6 SCM and Environmentalism †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 28 Table of Contents (cont’n.) Chapter 4 Impact of Supply Chain on Green Logistics †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 29 4.1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 30 4.2 Performance Standards †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... 31 4.3 Impact of GRSCM on Organisations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 32 4.4 Responsibilities †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 4.5 Strategies †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 34 4.6 Barriers †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 4.7 The Green Business †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 4.8 Best Practice: TQM †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 37 Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 40 5.1 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 40 5.2 Recommendations †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 42 References †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 43 List of Figures Figure 1 – Traditional Supply Chain Strategy Figure 2 – SCM material and information flow Figure 3 – Competitiveness in supply chain Figure 4 – Functions of green supply chain Figure 5 – Framework of green... Traditionally, supply chain is about profits and producing more products in the age of globalisation. But as the number of conscience-stricken businessmen grew, products are aimed for customer satisfaction taking into consideration environmental protection. Early proponents of green supply chain management formulated a set of alternatives aimed at changing the ways people deal with nature and organisational processes not harmful to the environment. It is possible that we can live in the age of globalisation and advanced technology, but not being abusive to the environment. Green supply chain management became a goal of managers including organisations aiming for a sustainable future. The methodology used in this dissertation is a mix of literature review and analysis of secondary researches. Concepts of traditional supply chain and green supply chain management were analysed and compared and conclusions and recommendations were drawn from the analysis. It can be concluded this early that green supply chain management is a phenomenon and a challenge for businesses and organisations are aiming for long-term relationships with customers and, a value-added supply chain, and above all, a sustainable future.

Responsibilities of an Authorized Supervisor Essay

Responsibilities of an Authorized Supervisor - Essay Example The Regulation necessitates facilities to install safety glass – if the Building Code of Australia necessitates the area to be furnished with safety glass, or put on glass treatments to glass installed on the buildings below 75 meters in areas reachable to children. As an all-purpose rule this would only be valid for glass – in doors, windows however, where there is other glass in these areas that is deliberated to pose a threat to children, the facility should safeguard the glass from breakage, put a an obstruction in front of it, or take it away from the area (Services, 2004).1.3 Maintaining the Group sizesThe largest group size for children from three to five years of age is condensed from 25 to 20. This does not alter necessary recruitment numbers, just the way children are systematized. Maintaining the group size is another responsibility of the supervisor.1.4 Mobile servicesThe Guideline presents a procedure indicated as a ‘venue management plan’ by w hich mobile child care facilities give a plan telling how the security and comfort of children at the school premises will be dealt with.1.5 Numbers of School Age Children Child care centers that offer care for school children on their approved premises can take bigger numbers of very young school children. If the children being taken care of are in Playgroup or Year 1, a center may take 20% of their authorized numbers. In classes above Year 1, the 10% maximum endures to relate. Where the above proportions of school age children appearing in the service.

Use of CBCT in Orthodontics- A Review

Use of CBCT in Orthodontics- A Review ABSTRACT Lateral cephalometric radiographs are most commonly used as a diagnostic tool in orthognathic surgery as well as orthodontic treatment. But the limitation of lateral cephalograms is its 2 dimensional nature whereas the human body is 3 dimensional. Conventional 2D lateral cephalograms have numerous drawbacks in terms of investigating the changes in the alveolar bone and roots, particularly in the anterior region, as a consequence of the midsagittal projection. Additionally its accuracy is questionable as it has projection errors. The use of computed tomography in 3D imaging of human body is available in the field of medicine since last 30 years. CT scanning is the three dimensional imaging technique giving quantitative assessments of the buccal and lingual cortical bone plates and labiolingual width of alveolar bone with elevated accuracy and precision. But the use of computed tomography in dentistry is limited because the amount of radiation exposure with this technology is very high . Since the invention of Cone Beam Computed Tomography, the amount of radiation exposure in the patient is reduced. This enhances its use in obtaining the 3D images of the craniofacial structures. This technology helps in visualizing the hard and soft tissues of the craniofacial structures from various perspectives and helps in thorough diagnosis and treatment planning of orthognathic surgery and orthodontic patients. The principles of CBCT and its use in the field of orthodontics will be discussed in detail in this paper. KEYWORDS: Cone beam computed tomography, Surgical orthodontics. INTRODUCTION Orthodontics is a field, which places a significant amount of emphasis on the modification of abnormal craniofacial growth patterns, in addition to the correction of dental malrelationships. Successful orthodontic and surgical treatment of such anomalies naturally requires efficient and reliable imaging of the structures of the cranial complex. Ever since the advent ofÂÂ   the Bolton cephalometer in 1931 [1], orthodontists have consistently used lateral cephalograms in evaluation of treatment as well as in diagnosis and treatment planning. In addition, postero-anterior, panoramic, occlusal and peri-apical views of the skull and teeth have been used as and when required to aid in the diagnosis. All these additional radiographic views add up to a significant quantity of radiation exposure to the patient, which can and should be avoided if possible. Also, the 2 dimensional nature of these conventional radiographic views imposes further limitations such as overlap, leading to lack o f visualization of individual structures, errors due to projection, as well as the incapability to identify true skeletal asymmetries when present [2]. Thus, it has been recognized for some time now that three- dimensional imaging of the skull is the need of the hour in orthodontics. 3D Computed tomography in Orthodontics The use of computed tomography in 3D imaging of human body is available in the field of medicine since last 30 years. But the high radiation exposure and the prohibitive cost of this technology have till now precluded its use in orthodontics. However, recent advances in CT technology have seen a dramatic decrease in radiation as well as in cost, making it a viable and desirable alternative to traditional imaging. The newer CT machines can now perform a complete scan of the head in just a few seconds and provide the patient an effective dose of only 50 micro-Sieverts, compared with about 2000 from a conventional CT scan of the entire head [3]. This follows the ALARA principle (As low as reasonably acceptable) for radiation exposure, of the American Dental Association. Radiation exposures are further reduced when one believes that a single CT image can replace a number of conventional radiographs that are now considered essential for almost every orthodontic procedure. Thus, the routine use of CT scans for orthodontic diagnosis may not be very far away [4]. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): Technique and Advantages Conventional CT machines acquire image data by using either a single narrow X-ray beam or a thin broad fan-shaped X-ray beam. These X-ray beams rotate around the patient in a circular or spiral path as the patient moves through the scanning machine or as the rotating beam passes over the patient. A series of detectors register the attenuation of these X rays, and from the data gathered, the machine reconstructs the internal structure of the patients body [5]. 3D data of the patients anatomical structures is stored in the form of Voxels. These can be thought of as tiny cubes arranged next to each other. The brightness of each cube represents the density of the corresponding anatomic structure. Obtaining the final 3D object from the raw data requires a time consuming process called rendering, which is achieved using computer algorithms [6]. However, a new digital imaging breakthrough, the NewTom QR 9000 Volume Scanner (Verona, Italy) is now available for clinical practice. This CT scanner uses a cone-shaped X-ray beam that is large enough to encompass the region of interest. It produces a much focused beam, minimizing scatter, thus reducing the absorbed radiation dose to 45 microSieverts [7]. In contrast to conventional CT imaging the patient remains stationary throughout the procedure. In a single scan, the X-ray source and a reciprocating X-ray sensor rotate around the patients head and acquire 360 pictures (1 image per degree of rotation) in 17 seconds of exposure time. The 360 acquired images undergo a primary reconstruction to mathematically replicate the patients anatomy into a single 3 dimensional volume. Further, the software allows for reformatting and viewing the image data from any point of view in all 3 dimensions. Thus, from a single scan, frontal, lateral, panoramic and other views can be created. Addition ally, the anatomy can be peeled away layer by layer to locate the desired section. A major advantage of CBCT-generated cephalograms is the ability to excise unwanted structures such as the cervical spine and occiput, avoiding superimposition of irrelevant structures, and providing a remarkably clear image of pertinent maxillo-facial structures [8]. Uses of 3-dimensional computed tomography in Orthodontics Assessment of alveolar bone The alveolar bone height is particularly important in adults and periodontally compromised patients. Assessment of available bone is necessary prior to arch expansion or labial movement of incisors. Surface irregularities due to ectopic teeth, bone dehiscences, salivary gland invaginations and other abnormalities can also be visualized in three- dimensional images. A new resource for occlusal assessment is the lingual view-as if the clinician were looking from the back of the patients head into the oral cavity. Impacted tooth position Impaction (or failure of eruption) of teeth is a common orthodontic problem, which requires precise localization for the purpose of surgical exposure and guidance into the oral cavity. Conventional views such as the occlusal and periapical views cannot precisely locate such teeth. CT scans with 3 dimensional reconstructions provide an excellent means to accurately locate such teeth. In such a study done on a 21 year old girl, by Ravinder et al. [9], an impacted maxillary left canine was accurately localized, and revealed to be in a horizontal, palatal position. This was done, by obtaining various views, such as plain axial, sagittal CT slices, as well as superior, sagittal and superior- oblique views of the maxillary dentition. Walker, Enciso and Mah [10] have also reported the advantages of 3D imaging in the management of impacted canines. In addition, cysts of the jaws, supernumeraries and ectopic/buried teeth can also be visualized using this technique. Temporomandibular Joint Assessment Coronal, sagittal and axial views of the temporomandibular joint obtained from the CT scan can be correlated with the occlusal views. Functional shift of the joints can be occasionally detected as differences between the left and right TMJ views. In addition, 3D CT studies on patients who underwent orthognathic surgery, have allowed better evaluation of post surgical condylar resorption [11]. Surgical patients including syndromes and clefts Surgical planning for patients with jaw asymmetry, e.g. Hemifacial Microsomia can benefit from 3D imaging. This allows measurement of true jaw dimensions without the customary problems of magnification, superimposition and distortion, inherent in 2 D cephalograms. Use of virtual cutting tools and collision tools to plan out surgery on the 3D images, means that orthognathic surgery as well as distraction osteogenesis can be carried out with a far greater degree of precision, leading to more predictable results. [12] Facial Analysis A conventional photograph is a simple two- dimensional representation that is not correlated with the supporting skeleton. The 3D volume can provide any frontal, lateral or user-defined view of the face, and by altering the translucency of the image, one can determine the exact relationship of the soft tissues to the skeleton. This has major implications in the planning of tooth movements, orthodontic extractions, orthognathic surgery, and other therapies that could alter facial appearance. Tongue size and Posture Volume measurements of the tongue could provide a more objective assessment of size, to aid in the diagnosis of arch-width discrepancies and open bites. Airway assessment Volume measurements of the airway could evaluate patency, particularly in patients suspected of adenoid hypertrophy, mouth-breathing or obstructive sleep apnea. Turbinates and nasal morphology can also be evidently seen in CT scans. This would mark a significant improvement over the use of 2 dimensional lateral cephalograms. Root resorption 3D CT images can show areas of root resorption on central and lateral incisors adjacent to impacted canine teeth. Walker, Enciso and Mah [10] showed that incisor resorption adjacent to impacted canines is present in 66.7% of lateral incisors and 11.1 % of central incisors. A correlation was found between the proximity of impacted canines to the incisors and their resorption. Current CT machines may have too low resolution to detect early stages of root resorption as a result of orthodontic movement, but this may be possible in the future [6]. Planning for placement of dental implants Osseo-integrated implants may be used in orthodontics either for the prosthetic replacement of missing teeth, or as stationary anchorage to facilitate tooth movement. Optimal spacing as well as correct root angulations of adjacent teeth must be achieved in order to successfully place dental implants [13]. Cone beam CT scanning could be used to accurately assess space availability, root angulations, as well as the quality of alveolar bone at the implant site. This would replace the use of panoramic and peri-apical radiographs currently used for the purpose. Cephalometric Analysis Conventional 2D cephalometric measurements can also be carried out, by rendering a 2D projection of the 3 D data, resembling a radiograph. For bilateral cephalometric landmarks, the computer can calculate the midpoint between them. Certainly, new cephalometric landmarks and analyses based on 3D data shall be developed in the near future. Conclusion 3D computed tomography represents the cutting edge of orthodontic imaging and diagnostic capability. While mainstream orthodontists are still living and practicing in a 2D world, orthodontic residents in many universities are becoming 3D sense. The several distinct advantages of 3D CT imaging, with ever-decreasing radiation doses, mean that this is where the future of orthodontic imaging lies. References Broadbent B.H. A new technique and its application to Orthodontia. Angle Orthod 1931; 1: 45-66. Baumrind S. Integrated Three Dimensional Craniofacial Mapping: Background, Principles, andÂÂ   Perspectives. Semin Orthod 2001:7:223-232. Mah J.K, Danforth R.A, Bumann A, Hatcher D. Radiation absorbed in maxillofacial imaging with a new dental computed tomography device. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003; 96: 508-13. Hatcher D.C, Aboudara C.L. Diagnosis goes digital. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004; 125: 512-5. Carlsson C. Imaging modalities in x-ray computerized tomography and in selected volume tomography. Phys Med Biol 1999; 44: 23-56. Demetrios. J .Halazonetis. From 2-dimensional cephalograms to 3-dimensional computed tomography scans. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2005; 127:627-637. Kau C.H, Richmond S, Palomo J.M, M.G.Hans. Three-dimensional cone beam computerized tomography in orthodontics. Journal of Orthodontics 2005;32:282-293. Huang J.H, Bumann A, Mah J. Three-Dimensional radiographic analysis in orthodontics. J Clin Orthod 2005; 36; 7: 421-428. V. Ravinder, Nikhar Anand Verma, Ashima Valiathan. 3-Dimensional Computed Tomography- A new method for localization of Impacted Canines. J Ind Orthod Soc 2002; 35: 73-75. Walker L, Enciso R, Mah J. Three dimensional localization of maxillary canines with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthop 2005; 128: 418-423. Bailey LJ, Cevidanes LH, Proffit WR. Stability and predictability of orthognathic surgery. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 2004; 126:273-7. Troulis M.J, Everett P, Seldin E.B, Kikinis R, Kaban L.B. Development of a three-dimensional planning system based on computed tomographic data. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2002; 31:349-357 Ravinder V, James Sunny P, Mariette DSouza, Valiathan Ashima. Osseo-integrated implants for maxillary lateral incisors- Orthodontic considerations. Malaysian Dental Journal 2003; 24(1):79-86.

King Thrushbeard and Lessons Behind Fairytales Essay examples -- essay

To Be a Domestic Woman†¦   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Grimm’s Fairytales,† although never intended to be in text form, are some of the most influential methods in teaching young children morals and to be productive citizens of society. While children enjoy the mere esthetics of fairytales and interpret them at their face value, s are aware of the didacticism hidden beneath the appealing plots and characters of the stories. Unlike s, children would not be able to extract any metaphorical meaning out of fairytales even if fairytales were intended to have distinct messages. For this very reason, fairytales have been studied along with a branch of child psychology to determine whether or not a message that is ual is actually retained in the subconscious of the child. Grimm’s fairytale, â€Å"King Thrushbeard† enforces the importance of modesty in s, teaches them to be less concerned with their own needs, and instead, to be concerned with the needs of others. It keeps us aware of the costs of this teaching. The first evidence of this underlying, didactic theme in â€Å"King Thrushbeard† comes in the second paragraph. The princess’ father, the Old King, reveals being aware of his daughter’s tendency to ridicule and be unappreciative of those to whom he offers her. He is angered by her behavior. What the King doesn’t seem to realize is that his daughter has probably not reached puberty. We can assume that she’s around ten to twelve years old and that her understanding of males is different of that of a sixteen or seventeen year old . As pre- , a she does not yet understand or even know of qualities in men that are pleasing. At this stage she would not have the ability to look for qualities in a man that are ually satisfying for a woman who is ready to marry. The only traits the princess takes note of and relates to are the immediate physical characteristics of the men, which are common things for pre-teens to focus on. There was never an initial attracti on or subsequent attractions to follow with any of the men because of the fact that she was not aware of her own ual nature. At the middle school level it is common for s of this age to still have an ill understanding of men because of their inexperience as ual beings. They often have difficulties in dealing with males because of this lack of understanding. Because the princess has yet to even reach the transition period o... ...love for the princess despite her lack of domestic skills. This teaches s to make individuals out of themselves, and that there is no standard of being â€Å"domestic.† That means that there also wouldn’t be a standard for men in choosing their wives. This fairytale moves s ahead a step in overcoming men’s expectations in a wife. In conclusion, it is interesting to note that this fairytale, â€Å"King Thrushbeard,† does not teach s to conform to a standard way of life. What it does teach is that s should not be discouraged by the disapproval of men who prefer to view a standard way of life. It teaches s to be confident and assertive in making decisions, and to be appreciative of those who are appreciative of them. However, I do not feel as though each and every feature of the fairytale could be yzed to produce a solid, coherent idea. There are many occasions in which features of the story are assumed to be a specific teaching, when, on the other hand, after being yzed do not hold together in producing a second or third didactic theme. This is my reasoning for not including many features of the fairytale. I found some to be misleading and often time irrelevant to the issue being discussed.

Romance In The Ufa Cinema Center Architecture Essay

Bernard Tschumi is regarded as one of the universe s open uping designers, rejecting the diehard outlook and one of the few bow smugglers of deconstructivism. His essay, The Pleasure of Architecture which was written in 1978 manifests his theoretical thoughts of the pleasances in architecture, in which he stresses on the inutility of architecture and the inclusion of perversion and the irrational. It talks about sensualness and sexual analogies such as erotism, surplus, bondage, seduction and bounds of architecture which he represents in 11 fragments. One of Tschumi s most celebrated undertakings, the Parc de la Villette is the prototype of his deconstructivist thought. It breaks off from functionalist theories of the past and is designed as a twenty-first century urban park, where plans and superimposition of systems comes into drama and the construct of signifier follows map becomes a polar antonym. The UFA Cinema Center by Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, the brace who chall enges traditional anthropocentric architecture and is categorized as deconstructivists, besides incorporates the thought of deconstructivism, with its urban construct, dynamic geometries and injection of public infinites. It became one of their noteworthy plants in deconstructivist thought. The first portion of this paper discusses on Tschumi s fragments in The Pleasure of Architecture, the significances that they carry and his impression of pleasance derived from those fragments which are closely related to one another. In relation to that, how his theory on deconstructivism is incorporated into the Parc de la Vilette and the pleasances that manifest from it. Separate two discusses on Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold s UFA Cinema Centre, how it relates back to Tschumi s fragments and how it s deconstructivist design transforms it into an architecture of pleasance. How does Bernard Tschumi s impression of pleasance and deconstructivism manifest in the Parc de la Vilette? Harmonizing to Tschumi, pleasance can be achieved from two types of resistances, the intercession of the norm in which society expects of what architecture should be, usefulness which leads to its inutility ( Tschumi, 1977 ) , and the un-intendancy to make a infinite for map that was either with purposes or inadvertent which forms a disjuncture ( Tschumi, 1981 ) . Tschumi distinguishes pleasance from cloud nine or rapture, in which this apprehension was influenced by Roland Barthes book The Pleasure of the Text ( Hill, 2003 ) . In The Pleasure of Architecture, fragments of gender separate Tschumi s thoughts of pleasance and some of which can be seen in the Parc de la ViIlette. Bernard Tschumi s Parc de la Vilette emerged as a victor in a park design competition held by the Gallic Government in 1982. The purpose was to mean the beginning of a new epoch in an of import portion of Paris, to guarantee its future good development. ( Damiani, 2003 ) . It is a coaction of Tschumi, Peter Eis enman and Jacques Derrida, the three being deconstructivist designers and Derrida, the precursor of deconstruction ( Kipnis, 1991 ) . Double Pleasure. Neither the pleasance of infinite nor the pleasance of geometry is ( on its ain ) the pleasance of architecture. It is both. ( Tschumi,1977 ) . Tschumi s first fragment explains that the pleasance in architecture is neither the enjoyable experience of infinite nor the creative activity of signifier and geometry entirely but the hit of both. This manifests in the Parc de la Vilette, where the superimposition of three different systems: Points, lines and surfaces is seen ( Damiani, 2003 ) . Figure 1: Lines, Points and Surfaces. ( Masschelein & A ; Straeten, n.d. ) The points are represented by the distinguishable ruddy mental disorders which appear as three floor regular hexahedrons in which no map was intended to it, hence go forthing it as an unfastened infinite. He used the thought of repeat to distinguish each mental disorders, with geometries lodging to it as the lone noteworthy difference. ( Masschelein & A ; Straeten, n.d. ) . This creates the pleasance of geometry. Figure 2: Images of some of the follies. ( Park De La Villette, Paris, France: Bernard Tschumi Architects ) The signifier of the mental disorder was designed before it was given a map, following the rules of deconstructivism. ( Turner, 1994 ) . The 2nd system, the lines, structures the circulation of walkers and a additive infinite is created, taking one towards interesting positions and musca volitanss. ( Masschelein & A ; Straeten, n.d. ) . This creates the pleasance of infinite. The 3rd system which is the surface signifiers big horizontal infinites for the usage of assorted activities and once more the pleasance of geometry comes to light. ( Masschelein & A ; Straeten, n.d. ) . The superimpositions of these systems collide and therefore it is a pleasance of architecture and the separation of the systems three signifiers deconstruction. The pleasance of infinite: This can non be put into words, it is mute. It is the signifier of experience ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . In order to experience pleasance in a infinite, one must see the existent thing and that it can non be described with words entirely. This can be represented in the superimpositions of the park, where its complexness, described in text is inexplicable compared to one sing the existent thing. Pleasure and Necessity Tschumi touches on the inutility of architecture and how designers are confronting societal constrains, where unreason of architecture is regarded as incorrect. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . The necessity of architecture may good be its non-necessity ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . He argues that architecture should be useless, and serves no intent, contrary to what society expects it to be. ( Hill, 2003 ) The abuse of and denial of the norm, uselessness becomes utile, that is enjoyable. ( Hill, 2003 ) . Tschumi provinces that a park is like pyrotechnics, used for production and ingestion, it is useless but at the same clip it made to provides pleasance. ( Hill, 2003 ) . Parc de la Villette is designed without a set map in head, its model and organisation allows an interchange of people, events and infinites which contributes to more freedom and looks in the park. Partss and constructions can be easy replaced and shifted while still keeping its individuality with the thoughts of deconstructivism, this rej ects the traditional regulations of urban Parkss therefore its freedom is regarded as useless and a non-necessity, this abuse becomes a pleasance in architecture. ( Pugh, 2004 ) Metaphor of Order- Bondage This fragment focuses on the restraints of architecture, in the signifier of regulations, theories, Torahs and past functionalist tenet. Like the game of bondage, it is sadistic, miring architectural design like adhering ropes. Pleasure derives when the restraint is greater, and the idea of get the better ofing that sophisticated bind. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . Figure 3: Ropes and regulations. ( Damiani, 2003 ) The Parc de la Villette was portion of a competition in which Tschumi had won. There were protests from landscape interior decorators on the engagement of designers and at the same clip, political alterations were made, and economic crisis was at a high. ( Damiani, 2003 ) . These were the restraints that Tschumi had to face at the clip along with the historical background of the site, being a abattoir antecedently and one of the last leftover big sites in Paris. ( Damiani, 2003 ) . Rationality In this fragment, it states that architecture should travel against traditional rules which are regarded as out-of-date and that its continuity on reason becomes irrational. Like the principals of deconstructivism, in which its upset and unconventional methods are regarded as irrational and interrupting free from traditional discourses. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) This is seen in the ruddy mental disorders which spreads along the park, each different signifier one another, and how they were non assigned a map in contrast to past rules. Eroticism The fragment of Eroticism says that pleasance is non about the contentment of the senses nor is it the sensualness of infinite. Eroticism is non the surplus of pleasance, but the pleasance of surplus. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . Is it in fact a junction between infinite and constructs, ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . Figure 4: Eroticism. ( Damiani, 2003 ) In the instance of the Parc de la Villette, its disjuncture of infinites and events was made to be knowing or inadvertent, with complex programmes scattered from one another making a contrast of maps. ( Hill, 2003 ) . Figure 5: Plan View of Parc de la Villette. ( Pugh, 2004 ) Metaphor of Seduction- The Mask This fragment provinces that architecture is a seducer, have oning masks, concealing behind frontages and architectural elements. Yet behind those provocative masks lies the pleasance of architecture. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . Figure 6: Masks. ( Damiani, 2003 ) With its big country compromising assorted and different maps and programmes of amusement installations, its architectural elements becomes the mask of the Parc de la Villette, non cognizing what to anticipate from each component as there is no set map or hierarchy. Yet unveiling what map lies behind it leads to pleasure. Excess The fragment Excess negotiations about interrupting free and transcending outlooks. It states that architecture should non copy the past nor should architecture obey it. It should make semblances ; interrupt free from formalities, orders, systems and case in points. It should be different and be something formal society does non anticipate it to be. That is the ultimate pleasance, when regulations and bounds are considered incorrect and architecture becomes better than it should be. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . The thoughts of deconstructivism and pleasance one time once more manifests in the park s system of points represented by the grid of mental disorders. Figure 7: Grid of Mental disorders. ( Pugh, 2004 ) It replaces the traditional inactive park memorials by holding alone infinites and hosting assorted programmes. It becomes mention points for the park every bit good, holding room for extensions since it is non imposed with hierarchy. ( Pugh, 2004 ) . This abnormality deconstructs the traditional outlook and functionalist discourses. ( Masschelein & A ; Straeten, n.d. ) . Architecture of Pleasure This fragment besides talks about construct and infinite colliding, deconstruction of past principals and where regulations are transgressed and is considered perverse. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . Figure 8: Transgression. ( Damiani, 2003 ) The parks superimposition of three systems is irregular, additive and undulating, in contrast to the controlling and stoic 1s found in traditional Parkss. They do non take you to specific topographic points or a series of musca volitanss, they are random, merely moving as tracts in which you walk on. They are useless but this is the pleasance of architecture when it becomes something that society does non anticipate it to be. Desire/Fragments The last of the fragments high spots that architecture consists of fragments which exists in text and in dreams. It is the receiver of 1s thoughts and wants. Its elements seduce and wish to be brought to world. ( Tschumi, 1977 ) . The Parc de la Villette is the consequence of Tschumi s, Derrida s and Eisenman s coaction in making the ultimate urban park of the twenty-first century. It was derived from the designers theories of deconstructivism and was brought into world after winning a competition. The consequence of Tschumi s winning strategy with the aid of the other two is one of the universe most celebrated Parkss. The Parc de la Villette is an architecture of pleasance. Its early strategies, superimposition of three systems and mental disorders demonstrated its mention to Tschumi s fragments of The Pleasure of Architecture every bit good as the thoughts of deconstructivism. The denudation of these fragments will be used to associate to the UFA Cinema Center, how pleasure manifests from it in relation to Tschumi s impression of deconstructivism and pleasance. How does Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold incorporate their construct of deconstructivism into 1s indulgence of pleasance in the UFA Cinema Center? Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold came to be from the celebrated coupling of Wolf D. Prix. and Helmut Swiczinsky in 1968. The squad follows theoretical thoughts of antihumanism and facets of the organic structure, which is perceived as a atomization and decomposition, carried unto the design of their edifices under the subject of deconstructivism. ( Masschelein & A ; Straeten, n.d. ) . Like other deconstructivist designers Tschumi, Eisenman and Derrida, Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold challenges the constrains of the past such as Torahs, orders and formalities of given manners that is embedded into architecture and seeks for freedom and alteration in its subjects. ( Coop Himmelblau, n.d. ) . Their extremist thought brings 4th the UFA Cinema Center, their iconic work based on the theory of deconstructivism. Double Pleasure The film centre was completed in 1998, located in the historical site of Dresden, Germany. The edifice can be summarized as Eight films are placed in braces on four narratives in an unmoved concrete box, which due to its pick of heavy stuffs screens both the cinemagoer every bit good as the glass anteroom from the traffic noise of the next ring route. ( Skude, n.d. ) . The film centre was made to work out the job of public infinites in Dresden that is being sacrificed for the interest of development. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . Therefore a monofuctional edifice was proposed that adds urban infinites and maps inside, making a new experience of public infinites. ( Coop Himmelblau, n.d. ) . Tschumi s first fragment provinces that pleasance can be derived from the hit of spacial experience and geometry. The film can be divided into two linking units, the film block and the crystal. The film block non merely maps as a topographic point for films but serves as a perme able infinite which links with the environing streets, making a connexion between Pragerstra vitamin E and St. Petersburger Stra e. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . The crystal serves as both entry hall for the film every bit good as urban passageway, with Bridgess, inclines and stepss linking multiple degrees, enabling positions in different angles. This experience is like that of a movie construction. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . Therefore a dual pleasance in architecture is created form the occasions between the edifices geometrical drama that creates public infinites on the interior and the assorted maps that is injected into it. Figure 9: UFA Cinema Center, aerial position. ( pmoore66, 2009 ) Pleasure and Necessity Dresden is considered as a metropolis with historical values and an edgy society, constructing a film centre at the site was thought to be unusual. ( Skude, n.d. ) . The cinemas milieus consist of post-modern manner edifices with nil particular nor out of the ordinary. Public infinites were a job therefore the film is injected with a host of assorted maps to make public insides. To suit these infinites an extreme formed edifice in the form of a knife and stone was created with contents that functions out of the norm, hanging skybars, inclines and stepss placed irregularly and occasions of stuffs. These characteristics oppose the traditional thoughts of orders and formality ; it is uncomprehended by societies believing and hence rendered as useless. But it is this uselessness that becomes utile in making a edifice that maps good. The abuse of this edifice hence brings out pleasance. Figure 10: Section of UFA Cinema Center. ( Oasis China, 2005 ) Metaphor of Order- Bondage The film Centre is located on a triangular like site clouded with past memories of World War 2, confronting the busy steets of St Petersburgstrasse. Owned by developers with thoughts of capitalising fiscal returns. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . Society there was rejuvenated after post-war and is considered to be conservative. ( Skude, n.d. ) . Constructing a modern film composite which incorporates the designers thoughts of deconstructivism would be unusual if non perverse. They were bound by the heritage values of the site, the proprietors, and society s outlooks. Nevertheless a one of a sort edifice of that epoch arose from the ashes, disputing the old post-war designs and conservative outlooks. It was a edifice that was bounded by tight Torahs and restraints doing it even more enjoyable when it breaks free. Figure 11: Coop Himmelblau- UFA Cinema, 1993-98. ( roryrory, 2003 ) Rationality Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold emphasizes the signifier of this edifice for the interest of look ( Skude, n.d. ) , doing manner for a extremist and curiously shaped edifice, withstanding traditional Torahs and comprising of complicated inside informations and multiple kinds of infinites jumbled up in two different blocks. The crystal, looking as though it could structurally neglect at any clip comprises of an lift tower that bends back and Forth as it moves, albeit traveling vertically like a normal lift. ( Skude, n.d. ) . The unreason of this edifice hence creates pleasance. Figure 12: The lift tower. ( UFA- Kino â€Å" Kristallpalast † , n.d. ) Eroticism The thought of the UFA Cinema centre was to make a monofucntional edifice with inclusions of new urban infinites and media events inside to undertake the job of public infinites, and at the same clip integrating Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold s construct of deconstructivism. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . From there a unambiguously characterized edifice in the signifier of two irregular forms was created. The glass crystal which acts as a five narrative anteroom, is angled to contrast with the more closed film block ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) , and the thoughts of deconstructivism is more to a great extent applied. It connects to the exterior infinite utilizing its openness, and enables extremist prevarication of inclines, stepss and overcrossings which are reminiscent of Piranesi s plants. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . In the centre of the anteroom, are heavenly bars which are hung from the ceiling making a sense of drifting in infinite. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . With this a junction of infinite and construct is created, doing it titillating. Figure 13: Heavenly bars. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) Metaphor of Seduction- The Mask Public infinites are being eradicated for development as is acquiring lesser as we know it ; this is what Dresden is confronting. Public infinites are going unseeable as they are taken off. The film centre proves that urban public infinites can be created with development and can be physically seen without going unseeable. ( Wells, n.d. ) . The crystal anteroom is able to host assorted events and maps such as a coffeehouse, it acts as a public square at the same time. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . This is done by making a suited signifier to back up the programmes. The inclines and stepss that forms a circulation within the crystal allows positions to the outside from different degrees and at the same clip positions to the interior of the edifice through opaque beds. ( Wells, n.d. ) . The film block hosts eight films every bit good as being permeable to the streets. The edifice itself is a public infinite, masked behind playful geometries and hit of stuffs, when y ou discover what lies within, it becomes enjoyable. Figure 14: kakteen ecke. ( thost, 2007 ) Excess The UFA Cinema Center was unexpected, its modern like design is like an foreigner on the background of the old site. Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold ne'er intended to associate the edifice to its milieus. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . It started with the triangular form of the site, from there a triangular signifier is faced pointed to a corner of the film floor program while the fa ade steeply slopes outwards, making a signifier of that a knife or ship. The crystal, appears like the signifier of a propensity stone, resting against the film block and made of opaque glass, structured with steel rods around it, a contrast of the unsmooth film bunch. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . The edifice uses a robust of stuffs, glass, concrete, slabs of galvanized gratings, subdivision, stepss and supports made of unstained steeI, and aluminium window mullions. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . It is deconstructed, clearly free from trad itional orders and logics. The edifice exceeded the outlooks of society and it is different, it creates semblances and did non obey the yesteryear, it became better than it should be. Figure 15: Axonometric drawing. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) Figure 16: The playful edifice. ( Oasis China, 2005 ) Architecture of Pleasure The film centre proudly stands tall on the site of Dresden, as though cognizing the lower status of its encompassing architecture. As quoted from Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, We do non work against the old construction in order to destruct it. We work to make new infinites, where and when possible. If an old construction prevents us from making unfastened infinite, we destroy it. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . The film centre does non take into consideration its environing context nor will it give up to it. It is different, it does non follow typologies, logical building, formal orders or civilization. The disconnected signifier of the atilt crystal and the film block complete with interplays of stuffs making an internal urban public infinite transgresses traditional regulations. It is an architecture of pleasance because it is obsessed with itself. Figure 17: Ufa palast. ( lipar, 2008 ) Desire/Fragments The UFA Cinema Center was a consequence of the demand to make a monofunctional edifice to work out the job of public infinites in Dresden. It is made with purposes of maximal capital returns. ( Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold, 2001 ) . The thought of making a edifice which incorporates public infinites and media events into it, making an urban infinite. Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold brought it to life by chalk outing a psychogram with the undertakings maps and thoughts which are mock created in an artistic manner. The whole procedure including the edifice are fragments. Each unconscious desire and purpose is reflected in the creative activity of the edifice taking to a creative activity which exceeds bounds and defies outlooks. The deconstructivist thoughts of Coop Himmelb ( cubic decimeter ) gold can be seen in the manifestation of the UFA Cinema Centre in line with the manifestations in Tschumi s Parc de la Villette. The deconstruction of its architectural elements and the dynamism of its signifier is represented with the film block and the propensity crystal which creates public infinites indoors. The hit of these two facets creates pleasance, and it is titillating. The interplay of stuffs, injection of infinites and connexion between its inside and outside, forms its mask. The film centre, restrained by the site and its society like a game of bondage overcomes it with an architecture which surpasses bounds and outlooks. This one of a sort edifice of its epoch came to be from the designers desires of deconstruction and is an architecture of pleasance.

Oral History essays

Oral History essays At its most basic definition, oral history is an account of the past conveyed through word of mouth. Oral history tells of cultures and individuals by presenting oral commentary of events, situations and feelings of individuals. Oral history has made important contributions to the ways in which historians and the general public understands and interprets the past. (Stursberg 1997) The beginning of the modern form of oral history is said have originated with Allan Nevins of Columbia University. According to Peter Stursberg, in his Canadian Encyclopedia article on oral history, the modern oral-history movement began in 1948 when Nevin interviewed subjects accompanied by a graduate student who took long hand notes. Nevin evoked a sort of stream of consciousness, or as Stursberg calls it, "stream of reminiscences" from his subjects. Oral histories provide an effective tool that allows historians and anthropologists a chance to preserve oral traditions, skills and crafts. (Vansina 129) In her book, "Oral Tradition as History," Jan Vansina writes that, "The full cultural or individual significance of quilting or the making of a musical instrument can only be obtained through the nuance and subtlety of oral language. Thus we can learn much from a personal history that we could never obtain from a textbook." The practice and method of oral history has had a tradition probably as long as history itself. Herodotus used the method of interviewing survivors' experiences about the past for his account of the Persian wars in the 5th century BC for example. (Stursberg) Ancient cultures would pass down the history of their tribes using the oral tradition. Chosen tribal "historians" would memorize long tracks, usually in the forms of poems or ballads, of tribal history and be charged with maintaining the facts in memory and passing it down to following generations. (Vansina, ...

Managed investment scheme Essays

Managed investment scheme Essays Managed investment scheme Essay Managed investment scheme Essay In Australia, investor can choose from a wide vvariety of investments which include managed investment schemes (MIS) and direct investment which consist of shares, debt and hybrid securities. Each investment scheme will a set of corporation act to protect its investor, as it is important to make iinvestors feel confident and secure. Iinvestors can choose the types of investments to invest in depending on their personal traits and ambition as the different investment contains different characteristic. We will dive in more on MIS, direct investment and hybrid investment together with each of their advantages and disadvantages next. Managed investment schemes Manage investment schemes, otherwise known as collective investment schemes, are schemes in which funds are gather from different investor to invest in a common investment, usually a high risk investment that deals with huge amount of money. Under s 9 of the corporation act 2001, a manage investment schemes consist of three elements. Investor contributes money or moneys worth, theres a generation or intended generation of a financial return or benefit and the investor do not have day- to-day control over the use of the money. Under s 601 EA(4) states that a registered MIS requires to have a responsible entity (RE) which would be responsible for any losses or damages from violating Ch 5c. The RE is also a trustee of the scheme. The RE also have to fulfil his duties, under the s 601 FC (1), he must act honestly, exercise a degree of care and diligence, act in the best interest of the members, treat all members equally and he cant make use of information gathered as RE to gain improper advantage or cause detriment to members. Under s 601 MB, Contracts is considered as voidable at the option of the investor if the MIS is found guilty of violating any of the act. The advantage of MIS is that the investment will be undertaking by a professional investment manager which could offer a better returns and risk management because of his experience and knowledge. Moreover, it can help reduce risk by diversification, it works by investing in different company, usually companies that has a negative co-relation, reducing losses if the price of one company drop. Another benefit is that it the cost is shared among the other investor. The disadvantages of MIS is the loss of owners rights, allocation and uses of funds will be determine by the fund manager. Although MIS is a very lucrative piece of investment, the amount of returns will be reduce because of the cost of the fund manager, normally they will expect a ppercentage of returns from the overall earnings. Debt financing Debt financing is a type of tool companies used to raise capital through borrowing. Creditors are entitled to fixed interest pay out and will be able to get back the invested amount at the maturity date. Debt financing are usually considered as a stable and low risk investment thus the return are lower than the others. Debt financing consist of bank finance, trade finance, debentures and private debt. Debentures is the rights to enforce a companys undertaking to repay the debt owe as stated in s 9 or the corporation act. Section 124 of the Corporations act 2001 allow companies to issue debentures and to borrow through the use of the debentures. Deoentures can De rea011y transTer ana can De llstea on tne Australlan stock exchange (ASX). The advantage of the form of investment is that the interest pay-out is fixed and the investor will be able to get back the amount invested at the predetermined maturity date. Lenders are place ahead of equity holder in the event of liquidation. The downside to this is that there wont be any growth on the principle of loan because it is fixed. Unlike equity holders, creditors cant get involve in the day to day operation of the company or vote. Equity Equity financing is one of the ways a company can use to raise money through the sales of shares. Shares consist of ordinary shares and preference shares. By buying the shares of a company, investor will also gain owinership of company, the size of the owinership will depend on the amount of shares one held. Under section 124 of the corporation act 2001, any of the company will be able to issue shares but only a ublic company will be able to offer its shares to the public. Disclosure document such as the prospectus, profile statement and offer information statement are required under chapter 6d of the corporation act. The prospectus offers protection to the investor who wish to purchase shares from a company by disclosing all information. The benefits of investing in shares is the ability to collect dividends, dividends will be decided by how much the company has made. Another major benefits is the ability to make capital gain by selling shares, because shares are known to be volatile, prices may move up and down at any time, capital gain can be ade if shares is sold when it is rising. The negative side of investing in shares is that it is risky. Shares prices might crash and investor would suffer losses. Furthermore, equity holders are ranked before bond holders when the company goes into liquidation, shares holder may or may not be able to get their money back. Hybrid securities Hybrid securities are a form of securities that combines debt and equity instruments. The most common form of hybrids is convertible bonds. Convertible bonds allows the owner to convert bonds into shares at todays price. The main advantages is that it as a fixed interest repayment like a bond, iinvestors can also choose to convert it to a shares if the company is doing well. Making a profit from the dividend or by capital gain. The downside is that it has a low interest pay out as compared toa bond and it is ranked after bonds holder in the event of liquidation. I would invest the $10 000 into government bonds. Government bonds are consider as one of the safest investment and it will be logical to invest in it as I wanted income first and growth second. Besides, I would be able to collect the interest pay out and the invested amount at the maturity date.

Homosexuality Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Homosexuality - Research Paper Example Many primitive peoples believed that with his seed man sends the boy to the most valuable properties - bravery, courage, etc. It was thought that it facilitates the growth of boys and that they passed through the mans strength. Symbolic ritual has been the basis of the idea of spiritual through fertilization. In some societies, sexual relations between adolescent boys were considered to be normal and even mandatory throughout the transition age. The oldest forms of homosexuality were related to military training. In ancient Crete, and in 7 BC in Corinth there was a custom of abduction of the boys adult men who entered the teenager in a mans union, sexual initiation was combined with military training, after which the boy that has arms was back home. In ancient Sparta every boy between twelve and sixteen must have an adult patron, military glory of which extends to the boy. If the boy showed cowardice in battle, is punished for his patron. (Burg, 2001, p104) In Athens, the Classical period, when the ancient tradition of male alliances and military fraternity had already been undermined, to the forefront came other values, in particular, emotional closeness. Historians explain this by the hypertrophy of masculinity in ancient Greek culture and the dependent status of women. The ideal of love in same-Socrates and Plato are closely linked with the idea of raising the boy and the transfer of experience of senior men. â€Å"In late antiquity, when the motivation waning or it turns out its elusive homosexual love loses its privileged position and is seen simply as a form of eroticism†. (Burg, 2001, p104) However, homosexual love was not able to be the dominant form of sexuality. First, it is not conducive to procreation. Secondly, it is marginal in relation to the institution of marriage and family values. And third, the male community, as a rule, is

Free Economic Zones in Transition Economies and Its Impact of Economic Essay

Free Economic Zones in Transition Economies and Its Impact of Economic Development of a Country - Essay Example e areas of a certain national economy where the government has put up a special system of opportunities and benefits that are not available to other areas of the country.3 These zones are also referred to as â€Å"islands† or â€Å"windows† wherein foreign investments and technologies are presented to a country. They are an example of an â€Å"open door† policy.4 Another definition of FEZ presents it as a part of a country’s territory wherein goods are being looked at as something that does not fit the limits of national customs territory; thus, they are not under common customs control and taxation, according to the Kyoto Convention. Hence, products being entered through the FEZs are not subjected to any trade barriers. The Ministry of Finance and Economy of Korea also gave their own definition, stating that FEZs are self-sufficient areas that provide wide-ranging services.5 Consequently, the Free Economic Zone Law defined FEZ with Article 23 as â€Å"th e zone, which is developed with the aim of improving the business environment for foreign-invested enterprises and the living conditions for foreigners†. Thus, an FEZ is a special area where exceptional measures are practiced. Moreover, it is a specific area which offers an optimal business and living environment to foreign investors and enterprises in order to draw high-end foreign industries and global services.6 FEZs are similarly known as free zone (FZ), free port (FP), customs free zone (CFZ), EPZ, foreign trade zone, free production zone (FPZ), FTZ, industrial free zone, tax free zone, customs free airport and foreign access zone.7 FEZs are also areas characterized as a part of a national economic area rather than a geographic territory where preferential economic conditions are being imposed with respect to entrepreneurs.8 Thus, others regard FEZs as a means of selective reduction of the state’s power to interrupt with economic processes. FEZs are referred to as devices that are capable of

Right to die Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Right to die - Essay Example The golden rule applies to the majority of people since many people are unable to justify the treatment of an individual through certain ways. However, distinctive treatment applies when one is willing to admit the treatment of the other person through justification when positions reverse (Rachels, 1986). Therefore, according to Rachel’s arguments and use of the golden rule, Euthanasia only applies when one person admits to treating the other with the same measure as he or she receives the same treatment. On the other hand, Kant’s issues on morality and the golden rule regards as a major historical alternative to utilitarianism. Kant sought expressions of all morality in a single principle that viewed sophisticated versions of the golden rule. Besides, emphasis on Euthanasia need to act on rules applied globally while behaving like everyone else. The idea applies to one supreme principle of morality called categorical imperative. The principle represents Euthanasia since it demonstrates maximum acts of individuals at the same time according to the universal law on the rights to die. Moreover, emphasis applies in demonstrating individual actions while making decisions to focus on general rules that everyone is willing to follow before making any decisions (Rachels,