Should Video Games be Considered a Sport?

Should Video Games be Considered a Sport?Video Games has mother one of the most popular source of entertainment. Inspired by countless numbers of screaming supporters with lots of cash in prize on the line. backsheesh competitors must hold up against hard training workouts, but also enjoy good income and business offers. We be not mentioning to basketb alone or football here, but the top-level origination of professional activity enjoying. Many activities such as on-line poker, polo and golf have been asked as au and sotic activities. According to the world Olympic board, on-line poker, polo and golf all fall under the category of activities. But it seems that golf has been the only activity conducted at the Olympics of these three. That makes an odd point, if these activities are considered activity, why arent they offered as activity by the Olympic board. Activision, one of the top activity enjoying companies known for titles such as The Amazing Spiderman, Transformer, and Dea dpool is now looking for to create an official ESPN discrepancy called Major assort Gaming(MGG) according to their venture. This has led to the debate on whether image games are a real activity and if Activisions attempt to create Major Group Gaming cigarette provide an increase in income and recognition or a huge failure.In direct to figure out whether an activity stack father a sport needs a close look of the meaning. According to the vocabulary, a game is an action including movements and expertise in which an individual or team plays against another or others for enjoyment. Even though video games easily drop under a classification of skills organism used and including one or more participants, it overlooks the movements part of the information. Unless you consider moving fingertips as movements, video games do not drop under this purpose of game. This is only one of many explanations for sport. in that respect are many versions to the meaning that will play an importan t part in identifying if in fact activities is highly recommended sports on a nationwide field. disregardless of these activities being considered a sport or not, games companies will have difficulties shifting their competition into a satellite TV game route in put for the game to become worldwide. Although, some activities have been subject of international finalization and challenge around the entire globe in the past 10 years. For example, unify of Legends, one of the popular game played on the globe granted $1 million to their last years champ in the competition.Such activities being regarded as sport seems difficult to believe but extensive reputation of the category may change the publics understanding, especially with Activisions production of Major Group Game. For MGG to become a nationwide feeling, Activision is going to have to achieve viewers other than the range of younger gamers who have come up with preliminary market for expert gamers. The fact that only adolescent s have interest in viewing or taking part in expert gaming but as they dismount older and as the expert gaming field builds, it is completely possible for expert gaming to stick the unique aging viewers as considerably as the future genesis. By consequence, there may be a pretty firm base for expert gaming to have a world of sports. Not only adolescents would have fun with the competitors, also mature as well. If money is engaged, the viewers will be more drawn to the competitors.Technology push our lives a lot. It has increased rapidly in the field of our basic lives activities. Simulation play an important role in this subject matter. As of today, Sony-one of the biggest company to produce consoles and other devices, developed a device for video game called Virtual Reality(VR). What the VR does is allowing the user to play a video game with the feeling that he is in the video games. Basically, your movement in real life is connected to your character or image in the game. This is just one way of saying that video is not just sitting at on a couch with a bag of sustenance. It also involves physic movement which relate to the real-life sport and exercise.Factors touching Reaction Rates ExperimentFactors touch on Reaction Rates ExperimentMaria Angela R. Dulin and Felix P. Terencio Jr.ABSTRACTAn area in chemistry that focuses on the induce or rate at which a chemical chemical response swallows sharpen is chemical kinetics. In drug making, in pollution control and in food processing, knowledge about the rate of reply is useful (Chang, 2010). Since chemical kinetics has a widespread application in our daily lives, it is just right to take a deeper look into this field. Moreover, the determination of factors affecting reception rates is essential in this study. Thus, the focus of this experiment was to determine the effects of some of these factors on answer rates. This was done by having a specific variable altered in two or more setups in each part of the experiment kindred the temperament of the reactants, dumbness, temperature, surface area and the presence of a accelerator pedal. Conclusions were drawn ground on the results obtained from the experiment. It was shown that an increase in temperature, surface area and preoccupation leads to an increase of the reaction rate, also the more reactive the reactants in nature the faster the reaction rate. Lastly, the addition of catalyst resulted to an increase in reaction rate.INTRODUCTIONKinetics oftenly suggests a definition that pertains to movement and change or, in terms of energy, the energy that is harnessed through an objects motion. Chemical kinetics, however, refers to the branch of chemistry that deals with the speeds at which a chemical reaction occurs. Kinetics also refers to the rate of a reaction, or the reaction rate, which can be defined as the change in the concentration of a reactant or product with respect to age (Chang, 2010).Due to the fact that the ac tual manner in which a reaction occurs is not yet full understood, the following reaction rate theories are commonly used to explain how reactions happen the Collision Theory and the Transition State Theory. According to the Collision Theory, all reactions happen as the result of collisions of the reacting molecules. However, not all collisions are successful in producing a reaction. For a collision between molecules to be productive, they must feature the minimum amount of energy required which is the energizing energy (Ea) and the proper orientation. On the other hand, it is give tongue to by the Transition State Theory that an intercede complex or transition state complex, that cannot be isolated, is produced prior to the formation of the final product (Engle Ilao, 2007). In addition to these reaction rate theories, it is also resilient to the total comprehension of the behavior of reaction rates to understand how certain factors can affect them. Through the manipulation of the nature and concentration of reactants, temperature, presence of a catalyst, and surface area, we are able to examine and observe how these factors can alter or change the rate of the chemical reaction.The experiment aims to determine the effects of those stated factors on the rates of chemical reactions. The determination of the rate law expression using the method of initial rates is also an objective of the experiment. Lastly, the value of the activation energy of a reaction should also be evaluated through accomplishing the experiment.METHODOLOGYAll the necessary apparatus and reagents were gathered and prepared prior to the conduction of the experiment. The effects of the factors affecting reaction rates were observed in five separate parts of the procedure. The first factor to be screen outed was the nature of the reactants. Two analyse tubes were labelled as A and B. Each test tube contained 3 ml of water (H2O). In test tube A, a strip of atomic number 12 ribbon (Mg) was added while in test tube B, a small piece of sodium metal (Na) was added. Observations were because recorded.The second factor that had been tested was the concentration of reactants. Two setups were prepared, hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration was held constant while sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) concentration was variable for the first part. In contrast, HCl concentration was the variable while Na2S2O3 concentration was unbroken constant in the second setup. An empty 10-ml beaker was placed on a piece of white paper marked with an X. Then, a specific volume of 0.15 M Na2S2O3 was then placed inside the beaker. The researchers were tasked to check if the mark was still visible through the solution. Thereafter, a corresponding volume of H2O and 3 M HCl was added immediately. The time from the moment the HCl was added to the moment the mark was no all-night visible had been recorded. The stated process was done ten times with varying volumes of reagents.0.15 M Na2S2O3 (ml)H2O ( ml)3 M HCl (ml)I. Constant HCl Concentration501411321231141II. Constant Na2S2O3 Concentration502.550.52.051.01.551.51.052.00.5The third factor that was put into the test was temperature. Two test tubes were prepared, one with 5 ml of 0.15 M Na2S2O3 while the other contained 7.5 ml of H2O and 2 ml of 3 M HCl. twain test tubes were immersed in a water bath containing tap water for 5 minutes. Both solutions were mixed in a 50 ml beaker placed on top of a piece of white paper marked with X. The time from the moment the solutions were placed in the beaker to the moment the mark was no longer visible had been recorded. This process was repeated at two other temperatures one approximately 10C dishonor than room temperature and the other approximately 10C greater.To test the surface area for the fourth part, two identical strips of Mg ribbon were needed, one was cut into smaller pieces and the other remained uncut. The uncut Mg ribbon and the shredded Mg ribbon were placed in separate tes t tubes. Then, 5 ml of 3 M HCl was added to both test tubes. Observations were then noted.The last factor, the presence of a catalyst was also tested by preparing two test tubes. In each of the two test tubes, 5 ml of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was placed with about 1 g of Rochelle salt or sodium potassium tartrate. One test tube was then heated gently while a pinch of cobalt (II) chloride (CoCl2) was added to the other test tube before it was heated gently. Observations had been recorded.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe results from the first part of the experiment, where the nature of reactants was the factor to be tested, is shown by Table 1. The reaction profile of both reactions are presented by Figure 1.Table 1. Observations on the Nature of ReactantsReactants ocular ResultsA Mg ribbonFormation of small bubbles on the surface of the Mg ribbon Very slow reaction compared to test tube BB Na metal developing of gas Solution turned murky white with bubbles Formation of heat nimble re action compared to test tube AIt is evident from the results of the experiment that the reaction of Na metal with water has a lower activation energy compared to that of Mg ribbon. It is proven by how the reaction of Na metal was the faster and more reactive reaction, which can only mean that it has an activation energy low enough to be easily achieved or reached. This is because of Na having a more reactive nature, with an ionization energy of 496 kJ/mol, compared to that of Mg, which has a higher ionization energy of 737 kJ/mol, given that the lower the ionization energy required, the easier it is to remove electrons, making it much easier for the element to react (Larsen, Ionization Energy).Figure 1. Reaction profiles of the Reaction with Mg and NaHow the concentration of the reactants affects the rate of reaction is shown by Tables 2.1 and 2.2. The slopes of the reaction rates with respect to the concentrations of the reactants of the setups can be found on Figures 2.1 and 2.2.T able 2.1. Constant HCl ConcentrationNa2S2O3HClln Na2S2O3 quantify (s)Rate (1/s)ln Rate0.15 M0.5 M-1.897120.083-2.4850.12 M0.5 M-2.12170.059-2.8330.09 M0.5 M-2.408270.037-3.2960.06 M0.5 M-2.813420.024-3.7380.03 M0.5 M-3.5071000.01-4.605Computations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3 are as followsHCl = = 0.5 MNa2S2O31 = = 0.15 MNa2S2O32 = = 0.12 MNa2S2O33 = = 0.09 MNa2S2O34 = = 0.06 MNa2S2O35 = = 0.03 MThrough linear regressionr = 0.998mNa2S2O3 = 1.298y-intercept = -0.083Where,y = ln Rate, x = ln Na2S2O3mNa2S2O3 = the rig of the reaction with respect to Na2S2O3y-intercept = ln k + mHCl ln HClBased on the gathered data from the experiment, the reaction is in first order with respect to Na2S2O3.Figure 2.1. ln Rate vs. ln Na2S2O3Table 2.2. Constant Na2S2O3 ConcentrationNa2S2O3HClln HClTime (s)Rate (1/Time)ln Rate0.1 M3 M1.09950.2-1.6090.1 M2.4 M0.875140.071-2.6390.1 M1.8 M0.588140.071-2.6390.1 M1.2 M0.182170.059-2.8330.1 M0.6 M-0.511200.05-2.996Computations for the concent rations of HCl and Na2S2O3 are as followsNa2S2O3 = = 0.1 MHCl1 = = 3.0 MHCl2 = = 2.4 MHCl3 = = 1.8 MHCl4 = = 1.2 MHCl5 = = 0.6 MThrough linear regressionr = 0.771mHCl = 0.659y-intercept = -2.838Where,y = ln Rate, x = ln HClmHCl = the order of the reaction with respect to HCly-intercept = ln k + mNa2S2O3 ln Na2S2O3Based on the gathered data from the experiment, the given reaction is in zeroth order with respect to HCl.Figure 2.2. ln Rate vs. ln HClWith a first overall reaction order, the rate law expression of the given reaction isRate = k Na2S2O31 HCl0= k Na2S2O3Moreover, the specific rate constant isBased on the data gathered with a constant HCly-intercept = ln k + mHCl ln HCl-0.083 = ln k + 0.659 (-0.693)ln k = 0.374k = 1.453 s-1Based on the data gathered with a constant Na2S2O3y-intercept = ln k + mNa2S2O3 ln Na2S2O3-2.838 = ln k + 1.298 (-2.303)ln k = 0.151k = 1.163 s-1As seen in the rate law stated earlier, each reactant has an order which relates to how their concentra tion affect the rate of the reaction. That is, an increase in the concentration of the reacting particles also increases the reaction rate. As stated in the Collision Theory, all reactions happen as a result of collisions of the molecules of the reactants (Engle Ilao, 2007). It only makes sense that an increase in concentration of reactants means that the number of collisions among reacting particles would also increase. This could only prove that the rate of a reaction is directly proportional to the number of collisions.The effects of temperature to the rate of a reaction is shown by Table 3. The slope of the specific rate constant with respect to the temperature can be seen on Figure 3.Table 3. Temperature as a Factor Affecting Reaction RatesTemperature ()1/Temperature (1/K)TimeRate (1/s)k (s-1)ln k23.33.373 x 10-350 s0.020.385-0.95531.53.282 x 10-334 s0.0290.558-0.58352.53.071 x 10-321 s0.0480.916-0.088Calculations for the concentrations of HCl and Na2S2O3, and the specific rat e constant are as followsNa2S2O3 = = 0.052 MHCli = = 0.041 MRate = k Na2S2O3k = ki = = 0.385 s-1k2 = = 0.558 s-1k3 = = 0.923 s-1Through linear regressionr = -0.99ml = -2,778.572y-intercept = 8.466Where,y = ln k, x = 1/Temperaturem = y-intercept = ln AHence,m = Ea = -mREa = -(-2,778.572 K)(8.314 J/K mol)(1 kJ/1000 J)Ea = 23.101y-intercept = ln A8.466 = ln AA = 4,751.091 s-1Figure 3. ln k vs. 1/TemperatureIt is proven by the results that the setup with the greatest temperature had the sudden reaction compared to the other two with lower temperatures. The relationship between temperature and the rate of a reaction can be explained by the Arrhenius park = Ae-Ea/RTThe Arrhenius equation exhibits the relationship of temperature to the specific rate constant of a reaction. That is, as T increases, the negative exponent decreases making the value of k larger, leading to an increase to the reaction rate. This is because of the presence high energy particles at higher temperatures. The greater fraction of excited particles, the easier it is to satisfy the energy of activation, which is a requirement for the reaction to take place (The Arrhenius Equation).Varying the amount of surface area of the reactant resulted into the visible observations that is shown by Table 4. A greater surface area means that there are more of the reactants surface exposed to one another. Simply put, there are more areas to react on. There is a greater chance for the reacting molecules to collide and interact. A smaller surface area, however, provides less area for reaction to occur. Some reacting molecules are shielded by other reacting molecules, making it harder to produce a reaction, resulting into a lower rate.Table 4. Observations on Surface Area of the ReactantReactantsVisible ResultsStrips of Mg ribbonDissolution was relatively slower (reaction occurred in 26 seconds) Heat was formed Evolution of gas was presentPieces of Mg ribbonDissolution was fast (reaction occurred in 12.62 se conds) Heat was formed Evolution of gas was also presentThe presence of a catalyst in the reaction resulted into the visible observations that is shown by Table 5. Catalysts are substances that alter the rate of reactions. A catalyst may speed up (a ordained catalyst) or slow down (a negative catalyst) the reaction rate. In the given reaction in the experiment, CoCl2 acted as a positive homogeneous catalyst, which made the reaction rate occur faster and follow a different reaction mechanism with lower activation energies.Table 5. Observations upon Addition of a CatalystReactantsVisible ResultsH2O2 + Rochelle SaltColorless to murky Relatively slow reaction (occurred in 30 seconds)H2O2 + Rochelle Salt + CoCl2Purple to green, then turned pink again Fast reaction (occurred in 23 seconds)In conclusion, many factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction. The nature of the reactants affect the reaction rate based on the different activation energies of substances. The concentration o f the reactants can also influence the oftenness of collisions between the reacting molecules, which may affect the rate of reactions. Temperature not only affects the frequency of reactant collisions, but also affects the energy those collisions possess. The surface area of reactions influence the amount of available or exposed sites to react on. Lastly, the presence and nature of a catalyst not only alters the activation energy of the reaction, but also alters the mechanism in which the reactants react.REFERENCESChang, R. (2010). Chemistry (10th ed.). New york, NY McGraw-Hill.Engle, H. L., Ilao, L. V. (2015). Learning modules in general chemistry 2 (2007 ed). Manila, Philippines Chemistry Unit, Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila.Larsen, D. (Ed.). (n.d.). Ionization Energy. Retrieved June 22, 2015, from http//chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Atomic_and_Molecular_P roperties/Ionization_EnergyThe Arrhenius Equation. (1996). Retrieved June 22, 2015, from http//www.shodor.org/unchem/advanced/kin/arrhenius.htmlUniversity of the Philippines Manila, Chemistry unit. (2015). Laboratory manual in general chemistry 2 (2007 ed.). Manila, Philippines Author.CHEM 18.1, Factors Affecting Reaction Rates 1